Sport benifits Essay Example for Free

Sport benifits Essay Benefits Of Sports Improving A Stable Lifestyle And Teamwork Ability There are tons of people that say sports are good for you. Some might even get tired of hearing all the advantages of sports from different people touting the benefits on tv. Whether its from an athlete, a physician, or an ordinary individual, the benefits of sports cannot be denied. Lets explore each sports benefits and see how they affect our lives and how they give a better lifestyle for those who do regular sports activity. One of the obvious benefits of sports would be the health benefits. Its a fact that sports are the best methods in losing and maintaining weight. Performing exercise with sports help you burn than excess fat and calories in your body that in return makes you healthier. Although modern technology and methods allow artificial ways to remove fat such as liposuction and other medical procedures. These artificial ways cannot improve and strengthen vital organs of the body like how sport activities do. One of the specific system of the body that receives the greatest benefit would be your cardiovascular system which includes the heart. You muscles will also gain benefits as it becomes more developed thus making you stronger with more power and force. Lungs too will also gain benefits as your respiratory system gets stronger thus allows you to breath in thinner air. All of these things indeed make your body healthier thus should extend your life pass the average age. Theres no doubt about the health benefits of sports even if your ask an ordinary guy about it. Preventing various diseases is one of the best benefits of sports. Living healthy wards off diseases that are truly costly from medication to actual treatments and surgeries. To do so, start involving yourself in various sport activities whether its indoors or outdoors. Another benefits of sports is how various sport activities improve your being as a whole. Sports build up character in a way that is specifically unique to playing or doing a sport activity. Sports enhance your decision making abilities that might help in real life. Sports help you build patience and control even through extreme pressures. There are so many values that sports can teach an individual such as perseverance, honesty, obedience, and so many others. All of these are enhanced as one involves themselves in sports specially when the activity involves other people. Lastly, benefits of sports also include how these activities help you get socialized with people. You can say that sports are also good for the soul. Many can gain friends by involving themselves in sport activities that involves other people. There are many group sports to mention such as: marathons, baseball, soccer, and others. Even just watching sports on television along with friends is enough to get you socializing with other people which is good for you. No matter how you look at sports, advantages of sports will never be denied and will continue to play an important role in everyones life.

common law and equity Essays -- essays research papers

Equity is frequently referred to as a supplement to the common law. Cruzon defines Equity as a system of law developed by the court of chancery in parallel with the common law. It was designed to complement it, providing remedies for situations that were unavailable at Law. Because of this, Equity provided a dimension of flexibility and justice that was often times lacking because of the common law’s rigidity. This rigidity stems from the fact that, while courts sometimes altered their jurisdictions and procedures, the fundamental premises and noticeable forms of the common law went largely unchanged between the 13th and 19th centuries. The common law was regarded as a birthright for all Englishmen; however, as the Crown continued to impose new jurisdictions, many statues sought to protect the peoples’ right to due process. In 1215 the Magna Carta was issued which sought to protect a free man’s right to life, liberty, and property except by the due process of the law. These statutes meant to limit the power of the crown, the very power that had introduced the common law as an alternative to the previous localized form of justice, and characterized a shift in the common law. Yet, due process legislation could only be invoked where the common law was considered to be deficient, and petitions were sent to the king, seeking his grace, when this was thought to be the case. Gradually the number of these petitions increased so much that they had to be reserved for special councils of the parliament, and as they continued to increase, only the most significant petitions were reserved for the parliament. The re st, mainly private suits, were passed on to individual councilors such as the chancellor, admiral, or marshal. These councilors grew in importance as petitioners began approach the appropriate individual directly. Out of the councilors’ arrangements for dealing with these cases, along with their added significance, developed several distinct courts. The most important of these was that of the chancellor as it developed its own jurisprudence. The Chancery began as the royal secretariat. Originally it was a department where royal writs and charters were drawn and sealed. Much of the chancellor’s later power stemmed from the fact that he had custody of the great seal of England, which was used to authenticate these documents. Because the writs originated from thi... ...  Ã‚  In the 19th century radical reforms of the judicial system attacked the practical flaws of the chancery. In 1813 the supreme power of the chancellor was checked by the appointment of a vice-chancellor. Later, this effort was continued by increasing the power of the Master of the Rolls, and the abolition of many of the offices in the court. By reducing the spread of the court and once again streamlining business, hopes were for joining the two courts and, once and for all, eliminating the rivalry between them. After 500 years, however, the chancery still left a bad taste in peoples’ mouths, and under Victorian legislation, the power of the supreme courts was increased to administer the law and equity: the chancery and the common law courts were abolished, forever ending the age old dispute between the two. While the chancery was abolished, equity has taken on a broader meaning and still survives today in England and the US. It is that approach to justice giving more precedent to particular facts of a case. Equity is important because it gave increasing protection to the individual, and represented a breaking away from the medieval notion of the all-powerful feudal lord.

Filipino people Essay

Rizal pointed out that long before the coming of the Spaniards, the Filipinos were industrious and hardworking. It is the Spanish reign that brought about a decline in economic activities because of certain causes. First, the establishment of the Galleon Trade cut off all previous associations of the Philippines with other countries in Asia and the Middle East. As a result, business was only conducted with Spain through Mexico. Because of this, the small businesses and handicraft industries that flourished during the pre-Spanish period gradually disappeared. Second, Spain also extinguished the natives’ love of work because of the implementation of forced labor. the Filipinos were compelled to work in shipyards, roads, and other public works, abandoning agriculture, industry, and commerce. Third, Spain did not protect the people against foreign invaders and pirates. With no arms to defend themselves, the natives were killed, their houses burned, and their lands destroyed. As a result of this, the Filipinos were forced to become nomads, lost interest in cultivating their lands or in rebuilding the industries that were shut down, and simply became submissive to the mercy of God. Fourth, there was a crooked system of education. What was being taught in the schools were repetitive prayers and other things that could not be used by the students to lead the country to progress. There were no courses in Agriculture, Industry, etc. , which were badly needed by the Philippines during those times. Fifth, the Spanish rulers were a bad example to despise manual labor. The officials reported to work at noon and left early, all the while doing nothing in line with their duties. The women were seen constantly followed by servants who dressed them and fanned them – personal things which they ought to have done for themselves. Sixth, gambling was established and widely propagated during those times. Almost everyday there were cockfights, and during feast days, the government officials and friars were the first to engange in all sorts of bets and gambles. Seventh, there was a crooked system of religion. The friars taught the naive Filipinos that it was easier for a poor man to enter heaven, and so they preferred not to work and remain poor so that they could easily enter heaven after they died. Lastly, the taxes were extremely high, so much so that a huge portion of what they earned went to the government or to the friars. When the object of their labor was removed and they were exploited, they were reduced to inaction. Rizal admitted that the Filipinos did not work so hard because they were wise enough to adjust themselves to the warm, tropical climate. â€Å"An hour’s work under that burning sun, in the midst of pernicious influences springing from nature in activity, is equal to a day’s labor in a temperate climate. † According to Rizal, all the causes of indolence can be reduced to two factors. The first factor is the limited training and education Filipino natives receive. Segregated from Spaniards, Filipinos do not receive the same opportunities that are available to the foreigners. They are taught to be inferior. The second factor is the lack of a national sentiment of unity among them. Because Filipinos think they are inferior, they submit to the foreign culture and do everything to imitate it. The solution, according to Rizal, would be education and liberty. Rizal’s Philosophy of the Human Person 1. Freedom from friar influence pervades the letter and Rizal proffered a stinging rebuke against them by saying that God’s command is different that of the priest. 2. According to rizal, the integrity of conduct is no longer about â€Å"prolonged kneeling†, large rosaries, soiled scapular. † 3. That living the Christian life is far richer and immensely beneficial if we have faith in God within reason and what is just, because unquestioning obedience would sustain the bondage that has imprisoned even the conscience of man, who is â€Å"born without chains. † 4. The mind, according to Rizal, is a gift from God that must be kindled if we are to sustain our faith and illumine whatever activity man does, even with regards to faith. 5. Faith and reason doesn’t cancel each other, they are like the two wings of one bird or the chambers of one heart; neither can stand without the other and one is designed to reinforce the other. 6. For Rizal this is the only way to understand the function of reason in the strengthening of faith. Rizal’s Feminist Thoughts 1. Rizal found comfort and encouragement from the display of valor made by the youthful ladies of malolos; 2. In his letter, he expresses great joy and satisfaction over the battle they had fought. 3. In this portion of Rizal’s letter, it is obvious that his ultimate desire was for women to be offered the same opportunities as those received by men in terms of education. 4. During those days young girls were not sent to school because of the universal notion that they would soon only be taken as wives and stay at home with the children. 5. Rizal, however, emphasizes on freedom of thought and the right to education, which must be granted to both boys and girls alike regardless of gender. Moral Responsibilities of Woman 1. For Rizal, the woman is the first teacher of mankind and the mother of civilization. 2. Rizal says let us be reasonable and open our eyes, especially the women, because they are the ones who open the minds of men. 3. Consider that a good mother is different from the one created by the friars. 4. Raise your children close to the image of the true God — the God who cannot be bribed, the God who is not greedy, the God who is the father of all, who is not partial, the God who does not fatten on the blood of the poor, who does not rejoice at the plaint of the afflicted, and does not confuse the intelligent mind. 5. Awaken and prepare the mind of the child for every good and desirable idea — love for honor, sincere and firm character, clear mind, clean conduct, noble action, love for one’s fellow men, respect for God — teach this to your children. 6. The central idea here is that whatever a mother shows to her children is what the children will become also. 7. If the mother is always kissing the hand of the friars in submission, then her children will grow up to be minions and mindless fools who do nothing but do as they are told, even if the very nature of the task would violate their rights as individuals. 8. Rizal also enumerates the qualities Filipino mothers have to possess. 9. A mother should be a noble wife and should rear her children in the service of the state. 10. A woman should set standards of behavior for men around her. Rizal’s Points for Reflection 1. In closing the letter, Rizal gave some 7 principles to the women of Malolos. 2. The 1st and the 4th principles are to take courage in engaging ones self in social action to assist others. 3. The 2nd principle is to consult with frankness and bravery and inculcate self respect in each and all. 4. The 3rd principle is to wing our way from the bondage of ignorance and that we should examine the truth in our own way. 5. The 5th principle reiterates the ideal that the instruction of children be given to the mothers first obligation. 6. The 6th and 7th principles want us to examine justice and equality as twin pillars of civilization and that each one must work for its full realization and that we must examine carefully the religious teachings being given us. Rizal was very impressed to the fighting spirit of the young women of Malolos had shown. In this letter of Rizal, it is obvious that his ultimate desire is to have women the same opportunity men received in terms of education. During those days young girls was not sent to school because of the universal notion that they would soon be only taken as wives and stay only at home with the children. But Rizal emphasizes on freedom of thought and right for education that both girls and boys should have. He had also shown to this letter all about that Spaniards friars. He cited, â€Å"God gave each individual reason and a will of his or her own to distinguish the just from the unjust; all were born without shackles and free, and nobody has a right to subjugate the will and the spirit of another. † We are all born equal, naked and without bonds. God did not create man to be a slave of others. A man who does not think for himself and allowed him to be guided by the thought of another is like the beast led by a halter. God give us intelligence that we may use against this slavery of others. We must be dignified, have faith on him and work together as one. In this letter he emphasizes different points. One is that Filipino mothers should teach her children love of God, country and fellowmen. Filipino mothers should be glad and honored, like Spartan mothers, to offer their sons in defense of their country. Filipino women should know how to protect their dignity and honor. They should educate themselves aside from retaining their good racial values. Faith is not merely reciting prayers and wearing religious pictures. It is living the real Christian way with good morals and manners. In recent times, it seems that these qualities are gradually lost in the way Filipino women conduct themselves. In recent times, it seems that these qualities are gradually lost in the way Filipino women conduct themselves. There are oftentimes moments where mothers forget their roles in rearing their children because of the overriding idea of having to earn for the family to supplement their husband’s income. Although there is nothing negative about working hard for the welfare of the family, there must always be balance in the way people go through life. Failure in the home cannot be compensated for by any amount of wealth or fame.

How To Turn Spanish Adjectives Into Adverbs

In English, it is common to create an adverb by adding the suffix -ly to the end of an adjective. In Spanish, we can do something almost as easy—create an adverb by adding the suffix -mente to a certain form of the adjective. How to Use -Mente The -mente is added to the singular feminine form of the adjective. For example, the singular feminine form of ruidoso (noisy) is ruidosa, so the adverb form is ruidosamente (noisily). The adjectives with separate masculine and feminine forms are those whose dictionary listings end in -o, such as quieto (quiet). To create the corresponding adverb, change the ending to -a, in this case quieta, and then add -mente. Thus the corresponding adverb for quieto is quietamente (quietly). Since many adjectives have no separate masculine or feminine forms, the suffix is often simply added to the singular. So the adjective triste (sad) can be turned into the adverb tristemente, and feliz (happy) can easily be turned into felizmente (happily). Examples of Adjectives With Corresponding Adverbs Here are some of the most common Spanish adjectives that have corresponding -mente adverbs along with possible translations. Note that in a few cases the meanings of the Spanish adverbs are different than what you might expect simply from adding -ly to the English equivalent adjective. abierto (open), abiertamente (openly, obviously)aburrido (boring), aburridamente (in a boring manner)alto (tall, high), altamente (highly)cansado (tired), cansadamente (wearily, tediously)comà ºn (common), comà ºnmente (commonly, normally)dà ©bil (weak), dà ©bilmente (weakly)dulce (sweet, kind), dulcemente (sweetly, gently)equivocado (mistaken), equivocadamente (mistakenly)feo (ugly, dreary), feamente (horribly, badly)grande (large, great), grandemente (extremely, greatly; largely can often be translated using en gran parte or principalmente)inteligente (intelligent), inteligentemente (intelligently)justo (fair, just, exact), justamente (fairly, justly, exactly)lento (slowly), lentamente (slowly)limpio (clean), limpiamente (cleanly, with integrity or honesty)lindo (pretty, beautiful), lindamente (beautifully, elegantly)llana (flat, level, unpretentious, modest), llanamente (plainly, frankly, straightforwardly)loco (crazy), locamente (with lack of prudence or moderation)nuevo (new ), nuevamente (anew, again; a common way of saying newly is recientemente)pobre (poor), pobremente (poorly)rà ¡pido (quick, fast), rà ¡pidamente (quickly, rapidly)repugnante (repugnant), repugnantemente (repugnantly)raro (rare), raramente (rarely)rico (rich), ricamente (richly, very well, abundantly)sano (healthy), sanamente (healthily, healthfully)seco (dry), secamente  (coldly when referring to behavior; curtly)simple (simple, easy), simplemente (simply, straightforwardly)sucio (dirty), suciamente (in a dirty or filthy way, meanly)tonto (stupid, foolish), tontamente (stupidly, foolishly)tranquilo (quiet, calm), tranquilamente (quietly, calmly) Avoiding Overuse of -Mente Adverbs Even though a -mente adverb may exist doesnt always mean its the only or even the preferred way of expressing something. First, in Spanish, more so than English, it is common to use an adverbial phrase even though a single-word adverb may exist. For example, while baratamente can be used to indicate that something was bought or made cheaply, it is more common to say a precio bajo (at a low cost) or even de forma barata (in a cheap way). Second, there are a few adjectives that are often used as adverbs even though separate adverbial forms exist. Among the more common are rà ¡pido and lento, which can mean not just fast and slow, respectively, but also rapidly and slowly. Spelling and Pronunciation of -Mente Adverbs As in the above examples of dà ©bil and rà ¡pido, if an adjective has an accent mark, the corresponding -mente adverb retains the accent mark, even though the spoken emphasis likely will be on the next-to-last syllable. Adverbs in a Series When two or more -mente adverbs are used in a series, the -mente suffix is frequently dropped from all but the last adverb. This is especially common in written Spanish. Examples: Habla lenta y claramente. (She speaks slowly and clearly.)Anda cuidada, dolorosa y pacientemente. (He walks carefully, painfully and patiently.)Creo que està ¡s equivocado: triste, absoluta y totalmente equivocado. (I think youre mistaken — sadly, absolutely and totally mistaken.)

The P90x Exercise Developed by Tony Horton - 664 Words

Is P90X The Right Workout For You? Developed by fitness professional Tony Horton, the P90X workout is a 90 day exercise regimen known for its intensity and fast results. Since its release in 2004, the P90X workout has become a best-selling product for multi-national corporation BeachBody, grossing approximately $500 million by August 2012. Nevertheless, the question that remains: Is this workout is right for you? What makes it different from other workout regimens, what are the pros and cons of this program? What makes P90X different from other workout regimens? Perhaps the thing that makes this regimen different from others is the intensity. The program uses a technique called muscle confusion. This prevents muscle groups from becoming accustomed to a particular type of movement, allowing for a more effective workout. P90X Fitness Test The makers of the P90X suggest users do a pre P90X fitness test. Doing this will help participants determine their fitness level as well as strengths and weaknesses. Pull-ups, squats and bicep curls are just a few of the things assessed. There is also a day one and day ninety comparison/progress checker. P90X Ninety-Day Workout Regimen The makers recommend the user workout about an hour a day, six days a week. There are 12 DVDs included in the P90X kit. Each DVD focuses on the following muscle groups: Back and Chest, Abs, Shoulders and Arms, Legs and Back. There are Plyometrics and Yoga workouts as well. There

London as a Tourist Destination - 5587 Words

For my report on a destination in the UK, I have chosen to do London. I chose London because it is the Capital City of England and because of its enormous range attractions to see and things to do such as see the London dungeons to go on the London eye, it attracts hundreds of thousands of people. Tourist Generating Areas (TGA) These are areas of the world where people originate from and go on holiday else where, such as London, USA and Japan. The figures of tourists coming to London in 2002 are as follows In my assignment I will be linking London to my chosen 3 generating areas ï  ¶ My UK destination will be Manchester ï  ¶ My European destination will be Paris ï  ¶ My worldwide destination will be New York. Transport†¦show more content†¦So firstly to get from Paris to Sangatte you start on the N1 and then follow the road until you get to the A16 follow that road all the way until E402 then turn off onto the D243 then get on the D215 then carry straight on until the D940 and you carry on into Sangatte. Then once you arrive in Folkestone you then take the A2034 then turn off at the M20 carry straight on until the A20 carry on then turn off at the A205, take the A23 then carry on until you reach Central London. Another way of travelling by rail is by using Eurostar, where as the shuttle runs from Calais in France to Folkestone in the UK, Eurostar connects the station Gare de Nord in Paris to Waterloo Station in London, this means you get from Paris to London much easier in one train journey rather than from Calais to Folkestone and then having to travel more. The Eurostar also uses the Channel tunnel to get from Fran to the UK but this service takes about 2hours 35 minutes. Although this journey is longer than the first one, in the long run it may be a quicker solution and effectively be quicker overall as it takes you from where you want to go to exactly where you want to go in one journey. Air There are flights available from the two airports in Paris Charles de Gaulle and Beauvais-Tillà © Airport to the main 5 London Airports which are London Luton, London Heathrow, London GatwickShow MoreRelatedEnhancing the Tourist Destination: An analysis of the Official Tourism Website of Indonesia1378 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment depends on language use and how to construct and define the tourist experience and destination images. As Boyer and Viallon (1994) discovered that it is not so many destinations which is integrally touristic but rather the language use creates them be touristic. This concept was then developed by Graham Dann (1996) who was one of the first scholars conducted a comprehensive sociolinguistic analysis about the use of language in tourist texts and to distinguish the landscapes which portray tourismRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Tourism Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pagesrecreation. When travelling for leisure purposes they usually entertain and rela x through the different sights. Tourists are closely related to the ‘Visual Culture’ through their interrelationship of attractions and photography. Despite the benefits that a tourist gains through a travel experience; not all sights are worth seeing. Concepts like the effect of social media, the tourist gaze, the circle of representation and the impact of tourism in the economy are discussed to convey the argumentRead MoreHow Oxford Has Coped with the Demands of Modern-Day Tourism1565 Words   |  6 Pagesorganisations and the development of other destinations. Both public and private sectors have responded to the challenge. In the City of Oxford there are many examples of hospitality and tourism, as seen by the constant stream of visitors who crowd its streets at weekends throughout the year, striving to get the best view of the historic number of colleges protruding onto every street. This is Oxford’s prize possession that sets it apart from other destinations in the UK and the world. However thereRead MoreEconomic Aspects of Tourism1438 Words   |  6 Pagesbecome a develop nation due to the revenue generation but these tourists often make problems for the locals, for instance, in London due to the numerous tourists, people face problems at the London Heathrow airport due to its capacity. The decisions on tourism development cannot be left to the market alone, so the responsible authorities or the government should involve in these activities that is to increase the size of the London Heathrow airport. Discussion Tourism affects the economicRead MoreAmerican Travel And Tourism Office1159 Words   |  5 Pagesdo they travel now? And where will they travel in the future? Corporations like Eurovision and the National Travel and Tourism Office (NTTO) have done a large number of studies and surveys just to find out the travel habits and future of American tourists. These studies have revealed so much about where and why Americans travel to the places they do. So, what are the real preferences of Americans, and why? Where do Americans Travel? Americans love to travel all around the world, but where doRead MoreP4 Explain how internal and external factors affect UK inbound and domestic tourism2245 Words   |  6 Pagesinclude the following; health, safety and security, accessibility, marketing campaigns, availability of products and services, quality of good and services, economic recession in the UK/and or tourist generating countries, exchange rate, travel restrictions, emerging of new markets, competition from other destinations and finally weather. In this document I am going to be looking at five of the above mentioned factors. These include; economic recession in the UK, Availability of quality products andRead MoreTourism Policy And Planning For Tourism899 Words   |  4 Pages that being the overall future development of a destination. This essay reflects on policy and planning in the tourism industry. Beginning with the purpose of tourism policy, underlining why policy and planning is important, how it is utilized, and finally the benefits to tourism development. Utilizing examples from Kenya, United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Croatia to further illustrate why tourism policies and planning are necessary in destinations. Policy is government involvement in the tourismRead MoreMedia Tourism Of Sherlock Holmes Museum1451 Words   |  6 PagesMuseum is a museum run by a private organisation in London, England. It is dedicated to the famous fictional detective Sherlock Holmes and was opened to the public in 1990. The building is located on Baker Street and its number is 221B. It has the permission of the City of Westminster1 to display this door number even though the buildings either side number 237 and 241. The location of the museum is close to the end of Baker Street in the centre of London. The museum is a Georgian townhouse formerly usedRead MoreLondon Eye1318 Words   |  6 PagesLondon Eye The Merlin Entertainments London Eye, commonly known as London Eye or Millennium Wheel or British Airways London Eye. The Merlin Entertainments London Eye is commonly known as London Eye or Millennium Wheel or British Airways London Eye. It is a giant tall Ferris wheel, which has the height of 135 metre ( 443 feet) and located at the western end of Jubilee Gardens, on the south bank of the Thames River in the London Borough of Lambeth in England, which is between Westminster Bridge andRead MoreMedia Tourism Of Kenwood House1010 Words   |  5 Pagestelevision show they like are associated with that location. These real places symbolise the significance of fan culture (Couldry, 2008). Kenwood House is the former personal home of the aristocratic Murray and Guinness families and is in Hampstead, London, on the northern boundary of Hampstead Heath. There were many servants originally working in this house. The current restaurant and cafà © are located in the original servants’ hall. It has been rented by many tenants for accommodation purposes. Originally

Computer Security Breaches

Question: Discuss about the Computer Security Breaches. Answer: Hyatt data breach According to Krebs (a popular cyber security analyst, 2016), any customer who used the services offered by Hyatt hotel between August and December 2015 is likely to have had their credit card data stolen. In fact, during this period unknown cyber criminals infiltrated the organisations 250 hotels across 50 different countries. An official statement by Hyatt Hotels Corporation further detailed the problem stating that majority of its payment systems were compromised by card stealing malware that targeted customers data. However, the said malware was precisely installed in the restaurants owned by the hotel with minimal intrusions detected in the other recreational facilities i.e. spas, shops, golf courses and parking (Krebs, 2016). Analysis of the Problem In an attempt to curb cyber security, many financial institutions are offering debit and credit cards that are incorporated with access chips. These access chips are meant to help retailers to track transactions through checkout systems that thoroughly read customers data off the said chips while maintaining cyber security compliance regulations (BITS, 2011). Similarly, Hyatt payment systems promoted credit and debit card payment where customer data was and is still encrypted in the existing chips. However, many of these cards shoulder little amounts of plain text data, stored in the magnetic stripes of the overall payment item. Therefore, when the cards are swiped in a transaction including fraudulent transactions, the data owned by the customer is placed at risk. Moreover, unlike in the past when data was primarily stolen off magnetic strips and replicated, Hyatts problem escalated beyond this basic rational where stolen data (plain text) was shipped to the United States and used t o make further security breaches (BITS, 2011). How was the data stolen The perpetrators installed data-stealing malware into Hyatt payment system, this was done using counterfeit cards which were used in certain managerial locations. Therefore, the cyber criminals first obtained customers card information, most likely through the magnetic strips which were then used as a loophole to access and infect Hyatt systems (Osborne Day, 2016). Moreover, the malware was designed to steal extensive records including; names of the cardholders, numbers, verification codes and the expiration dates. In all, these items were used by the organisation to confirm payment onsite at any given location. Therefore, with each transaction, the malicious program harvested credential information with minimal alerts to the staff or the management. Solutions First the loophole, despite the presence of encrypted chips most transaction cards (debit or credit) holds plain text data in the magnetic strips. This outcome exposes any organisation and its customers to security breaches. Therefore, by allowing customers to swipe the magnetic stripe exposes them to grave danger. A practical solution to this problem is to have chip readers within all the organisations facilities (Wattles, 2015). This provision eliminates the need for magnetic strips which are essentially used by criminal masterminds to steal the data they require. Furthermore, the said solution has seen tangible results are evidenced by the reduced counterfeit incidences in other G20 countries other than the United States who still fail to regulate the card liabilities (Krebs, 2016). Secondly, the organisation should instigate and stop intrusion through all targeted areas. In most cases hackers will use system vulnerabilities to carry out attacks, this includes malware, security liabilities and even personnel. On behalf of the system, the information technology department must develop prevention solutions that shut down the relevant vulnerabilities thus maintain an optimum level of security. For instance, password violations are a common phenomenon since most users will stick with default passwords. Advising customers to change the said passwords is a step in the right direction that minimises intrusion incidences (Symantec, 2011). Furthermore, in a case where a data breach is experienced such as the one seen in this case study, the organisation should in the future have detection systems that alert the administrators of possible data violations to prevent extended attacks. Hyatts systems were infected for more than four months without detection, which increased the severity of the problem. Moreover, these detection systems can identify and stop insider breaches that are caused by broken enterprise processes, for instance, an outdated antivirus. In addition to this, they automate security controls where security configurations on firewalls and even patch management are done with minimal input from the users. These functionalities introduced by detections systems can also be combined with event management systems to curb data breach incidences especially during outbound transactions where Hyatt systems were mostly affected (Prince, 2017). JPMorgan chase hack case In 2014, the renowned financial institution JPMorgan Chase experienced one of the biggest cyber-attacks seen in recent times. In the attack, accounts owned by both household users and small businesses were compromised. Moreover, the attack saw cyber criminals hack several computers within the financial organisation and the publisher of the financial institution. This hack allowed the perpetrators to access and steal customers personal information. In all, the attack is said to have affected more than 100 million loyal customers (Crowe, 2015). The Problem After a thorough assessment of the attack, JPMorgan revealed that the data breach targeted customer information such as contact details; names, addresses, numbers and email addresses. Moreover, the intrusion further compromised the organisations internal systems by collecting confidential data owned by the users. However, as stated by the organisation, the breach did not affect the customers financial records including the money they owned (Weise, 2014). This conclusion was provided because the details of account records were never affected by the attack including passwords, IDs, and social security numbers. Nevertheless, this information was completely contradictory with independent surveys done the New York Times that stated that the hackers obtained the highest possible level of administration within the institutions financial system. In essence, the cybercriminals had extended privileges on more than 90 servers owned by the bank. This access gave them the root control over the banks system including the transfer of funds, confidential information and the likelihood to close accounts. In a nutshell, the perpetrators could do whatever they wanted to do with the said system. Now, according to J. Thompson (2014), such attacks that have extended access but have zero money stolen are suspect to future attacks. Therefore, the hacker initially, intended to identify the organisation vulnerabilities for future exploits but were caught before proceeding with their extensive plan. The Attack Information is the most variable asset seen today and organisations such as banking institutions protect this asset with maximum security protocols including dynamic intrusion detection systems. However, the attack on JPMorgan system was started using a basic intrusion technique as compared to the sophisticated mechanisms thought by the public. To start with, the hackers stole an employees login information which was then used to access the system. After gaining access to the system, the hackers then used their newly acquired privileges to manipulate the pump and dump stock exchange schemes. This manipulation allowed them to generate lucrative deals on online financial proceedings such as online gambling which generated millions of dollars (Farrell Hurtado, 2015). Nevertheless, the root of the problem was stolen credential information that was later used to access the companys servers using computers in different locations throughout the world. Moreover, the criminals used the affiliate organisations owned by the institution to access their information. For instance, a website owned by a charity race hosted by JPMorgan was the first intrusion point. This cover up i.e. using affiliates and not the organisation itself, allowed the perpetrators to go undetected for an extended period of time (Goldstein, Perlroth and Corkery, 2014). Furthermore, the simple flaw was able to explain why other related organisations were unaffected by the security breach particularly at a time when controversial economic sanctions had been deployed by the United States. Prevention of the Attack From the analysis done on the security breach, it was clear that a simple flaw was the root cause of the problem unlike previously thought where experts proposed malicious bugs or Softwares sourced from the dark web. This kind of attack is easy to guard against as seen in other countless occasions. Many organisations the likes of JPMorgan invest heavily in computer security more so, on authentication and authorization, i.e. the access methods of this attack. Therefore, even though the attackers acquired login credentials of an employee, the security systems should have been able to detect and stop the violation. For one, a common practice seen today is the application of two-factor authentication mechanisms. In essence, institutions that host confidential information use different techniques to provide users access to their systems, these techniques verifies the identity of the user beyond resemble doubt. For instance, having acquired the login credential, JPMorgan should have genera ted a one-time access code for the user to access the system, this would have defiantly stopped the attack (TRC, 2015). However, the attack on JPMorgans system showcased a common problem seen in many organisation today, that of network vulnerabilities. As highlighted by many security experts, many organisation today fail to secure their systems at certain periods of the year when their focus is shifted to other crucial activities such as payment processes done during high turnover sessions. Moreover, this problem is aggravated by the acquisitions done by the organisations. These acquisitions make it difficult to integrate security systems owned by the parent company with those of the affiliate organisation and as a result of this weakness attacks are easily conducted through the weaker affiliate systems. A solution to this problem is to develop separate security measures for the acquired organisations, this ensures security is maintained prior to the integration (TRC, 2015). Nevertheless, despite the extensive challenges faced, organisations like JPMorgan whose annual returns surpass billions should employ basic if not sophisticated cyber security techniques. For instance, the multiple authentication techniques mentioned above where multiple factors are used to grant authority e.g. biometric, token and passwords must be used. Moreover, routine analyses should be done on existing systems through network management systems that evaluate transferred data packets for any alterations (Valdetero Zetoony, 2014). These simple security techniques could have prevented the attack on JPMorgans system even if the login credentials of one of its members was stolen. References BITS. (2011). Malware risks and mitigation report. Financial services roundtable. Retrieved 03 March, 2017, from: https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/documents/itl/BITS-Malware-Report-Jun2011.pdf Crowe. P. (2015). JPMorgan fell victim to the largest theft of customer data from a financial institution in US history. Retrieved 4 March, 2017, from: https://www.businessinsider.com/jpmorgan-hacked-bank-breach-2015-11?IR=T Farrell. G Hurtado. (2015). JPMorgan's 2014 Hack Tied to Largest Cyber Breach Ever. Bloomberg. Retrieved 4 March, 2017, from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-11-10/hackers-accused-by-u-s-of-targeting-top-banks-mutual-funds Goldstein. M, Perlroth. N Corkery. M. (2014). Neglected Server Provided Entry for JPMorgan Hackers. Deal book. Retrieved 4 March, 2017, from: https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/12/22/entry-point-of-jpmorgan-data-breach-is-identified/ Krebs. (2016). Hyatt Card Breach Hit 250 Hotels in 50 Nations. Retrieved 4 March, 2017, from: https://krebsonsecurity.com/2016/01/hyatt-card-breach-hit-250-hotels-in-50-nations/ Osborne. C Day. Z. (2016). 250 Hyatt hotels infected last year with payment data stealing malware. ZDNet. Retrieved 4 March, 2017, from: https://www.zdnet.com/article/250-hyatt-hotels-infected-last-year-with-payment-data-stealing-malware/ Prince. K. (2017). 8 Ways to Prevent Data Breaches. IT business edge. Retrieved 4 March, 2017, from: https://www.itbusinessedge.com/slideshows/show.aspx?c=79585slide=9 Symantec. (2011). 6 steps to prevent a data breach. Retrieved 4 March, 2017, from: https://eval.symantec.com/mktginfo/enterprise/other_resources/b-6-steps-prevent-data-reach_20049431-1.en-us.pdf TRC. (2015). Data breach report. IDT911. Retrieved 03 March, 2017, from: https://www.idtheftcenter.org/images/breach/DataBreachReports_2015.pdf Valdetero. J Zetoony. D. (2014). Data security breaches; incidence preparedness and response. Washington legal foundation. Retrieved 03 March, 2017, from: https://www.bryancave.com/images/content/2/2/v2/2285/DataBreachHandbookValdeteroandZetoony.pdf Wattles. J. (2015). Hyatt Hotels data hacked. CNN tech. Retrieved 4 March, 2017, from: https://money.cnn.com/2015/12/23/technology/hyatt-malware/ Weise E. (2014). JP Morgan reveals data breach affected 76 million households. USA today. Retrieved 4 March, 2017, from: https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2014/10/02/jp-morgan-security-breach/16590689/